But if there's an almost non-existent band of blue, is that going to measurably affect the amount of light recorded by the integrating sphere?
Yes. If the band exists, it is filtering light. This should go without saying.
Isn't the purpose of the bands to allow the filament to be overdriven by filtering out some "unwanted" light?
Not totally "unwanted", but less-useful/useless at the very least.
Just for the sake of completeness, sometimes I notice that there are untinted Sylvania Silver stars for sale at Wal-Mart. They are untinted and lack the "ultra" moniker. I presume that these are brighter than the Xtravisions? (Don't worry, I'm just going to stick with 9012s in the future...waiting for the Volsa 9012+120!)
Example of a non-ultra Sylvania Silver star:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BLKVAM/?tag=cpf0b6-20
Tinted. Maybe you need to adjust the CCT of your monitor; the pictures show light tinting on the SilverStar and more obviously on the two zXe variants.
The zXe Gold ones, if I could suspend my disbelief that they'd really be any good, has very carefully deposited (or laser-ablated), and fairly deep blue, tinting with distinct windows to the filament. I'd like to say they found a way to have stupendously bright filaments that need that much tint to bring them down to legal limits, and therefore the unfiltered light will make the Most. Awesome. Beam. Ever., but this is a Sylvania bulb.
(It would be nice if any of the banded bulbs used a yellow tint instead of blue, because that would make the scatter light less troublesome than if it tended toward blue. Blue light is a fairly small component of a bulb's output, so it would take a lot of yellow area to do that. Perhaps something along the lines of how the zXe Gold has the very distinct window formation on it. Yellow off-axis light may diminish front turn signal visibility, so that could be one reason to use blue.)